They compared the therapeutic effects of stem cells and conditioned medium, the mechanism of regeneration by conditioned medium, and the comparison of different conditioned media.
The stem cells used for comparison were stem cells of human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), adipose stem cells (AD stem cells), and bone marrow stem cells (BM stem cells). These cells belong to the mesenchymal stem cell family and have already been used in actual stem cell therapy, where their efficacy and safety have been confirmed.
The diseases that we focused on the most were neurodegenerative diseases. Even now, there are no effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, and there are high expectations of regenerative medicine.
The Studies have been conducted to compare the regenerative effects of various conditioned media administered to neurodegenerative animal models, such as spinal cord injury
(1)、cerebral infarction
(2), and Alzheimer's disease
(3) Preliminary research was also conducted on multiple sclerosis
(4)and Parkinson's disease
(5).The results of a series of experiments on these neurodegenerative diseases can be summarized as follows.
First, the animals regained motor function, but the results of the treatment with the stem cells themselves and the conditioned medium were almost identical.
The mechanism of neural regeneration was investigated using E-Siglec- 9(ES9) and MCP-1(M1) in the conditioned medium to change the nature of macrophages from an inflammatory type to a regenerative type, and The regenerate degenerated nerves. A large number of macrophages accumulate at the damaged area. Those macrophages release pro-inflammatory cytokines that destroy the tissue. However, ES9 and M1 in the conditioned medium convert inflammatory macrophages to regenerative macrophages. As a result, pro-inflammatory cytokines are reduced, and regenerative macrophages instead secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, which produce neuroprotective, axonal growth, and anti-inflammatory effects. At the same time, endogenous neural stem cells were mobilized to the damaged area to reshape the neural network and restore motor function.
This phenomenon was most pronounced in SHED-CM. These results indicate that conditioned medium derived from SHED are the most suitable for regenerative medicine for neurodegenerative diseases. Here are some studies on the therapeutic effects of SHED-derived conditioned medium on typical neurodegenerative diseases.
